Table of Contents
Ultrasonic transducer testing converts the returned mechanical vibrations into electrical energy after converting these pulses to mechanical vibrations. Ultrasonic transducers are small probes that generate and receive the high-frequency sound waves used for thickness gaging and flaw detection in ultrasonic nondestructive testing applications. Transducers serve as the initial point for all ultrasonic test structures as devices that convert one energy form into another. These devices have various case styles, sizes, or frequencies to meet inspection requirements, whether paper-thin coatings’ thickness measurement or enormous multi-ton steel forgings’ detection.
Transducers, especially phased array transducers convert the electrical energy’s pulse in ultrasonic NDT from the test instrument into mechanical energy as sound waves that move through the test piece. Likewise, the transducer converts the sound waves reflecting the test piece into the electrical energy pulse that the test instrument can process and display. In effect, the airmar transducer generates and receives sound waves’ pulses at frequencies much higher than the human hearing range, acting as an ultrasonic microphone and speaker.
The basic physical dimension measurements serve as the starting point for transducer testing. Followed by the performance testing for opens, shorts, continuity, etc. It is essential to ensure that the device has no significant defects after assembly by making simple electrical measurements like capacitance and loss. Then, you can proceed to perform functional testing by using a calibration block. This typically comprises a specified running of pulse-echo size in water or air that reflects a pre-determined target at a certain distance.
Additionally, you may want to record sensitivity, bandwidth, and ring-down. Also, at the time, it is critical to measure Total Acoustic Power output. Ultimately, you will need to put the device under whatever environmental conditions designed for it and test it again.
Based on the proposed use, these performance tests entail driving the transducer with a spike or pulse, square wave, or sine wave. Typically, the industry-standard pulse receiver does this, sometimes using an amplifier. In addition, they use an oscilloscope to view the pulse and return to check the subjective ‘quality’ or ‘cleanliness’ of the waveform or make numerical measurements.
Experts classify transducers into groups according to the applications. Here are the applications of ultrasonic transducer testing.
They designed these transducers to immerse them in water and couple sound energy into the test piece using a column or bath of water. Immersion transducers integrate an acoustic lens that directs the sound beam into a small space. With that, they boost sensitivity to small reflectors. People often use them for optimizing sound coupling into grooves, channels, or sharp radiuses in test parts with complex geometry, in-process or on-line tests on moving pieces, and for scanned tests.
These transducers integrate a fused silica, epoxy, or plastic cylinder, a delay line between the test and the active element. Thin material applications such as measuring fragile test parts or testing spot welds in sheet metal are the main reason for using them. The test indicates essential to separate back-wall echoes from the excitation pulse recovery. Typically, you can use a delay line as a thermal insulator to protect the heat-sensitive transducer feature from direct contact with hot test parts. Alternatively, you can shape or contour the delay lines to enhance sound coupling in tight confined or curved spaces.
These transducers have the same construction as contact transducers. However, they can generate sound tilted at an angle to the coupling surface since you can use them with angle beam wedges. Essentially, you can configure wedges to generate around 45, 60, or 70 degrees refracted shear waves. Since the most common weld geometry needs to aim at sound waves at an angle, you will find them standard in most weld inspections. All common weld inspection codes reference these transducers.
You can use contact transducers in direct contact with the test part. What protects the active element from damage in any typical use is the hard, thin wear plate that you can cut to a one-quarter thickness of the wavelength. Experts use these transducers in flaw detection applications involving straight beam tests like when looking for metal delaminations or ingots voids in composites and various thickness gaging applications.
You can use dual element transducers or duals primarily for corroded or rough surfaces tests. These transducers integrate distinct transmitting and receiving features mounted on a delay line at a slight angle to focus sound energy to a selected distance beneath the surface of a test part.
Here are some of the ultrasonic transducer testing types:
If you want to test an ultrasonic transducer, you can use a similar principle in naval fish finder and SONAR system. In addition, you will need to introduce ultra-high frequency sound into the part you intend to test. You can present the sound on a visual display since some will reflect the sending unit when it hits any material with a different acoustic impedance.
Essentially, you can determine the distance to the reflector when you know the time needed for the sound to revert to the sending unit and sound speed through the acoustic velocity. You have between 1.0 and 10.0 MHz for the typical sound frequencies used in the ultrasonic transducer, which do not travel through the air and are too high to be heard. The higher frequencies can detect more minor indications and may not penetrate as deeply.
Some of the procedures listed below will help obtain the electrical and acoustic characteristics.
The primary purpose of an ultrasonic transducer is to convert acoustic energy back into electrical power after the initial conversion from electrical to acoustic energy. Therefore, the function of the piezoelectric element is to convert the electrical energy to acoustic (and vice versa). So, the rest of the transducer manipulates the acoustic energy and interfaces with the rest of the world.
The invention of AI is a result of humanity's relentless pursuit of understanding and replicating…
Nowadays, quick change in business is normal, and keeping up is key to do well.…
Do you still often pick the salt container instead of the one that contains sugar?…
The concepts of social media and data are inextricably linked — or at least that’s…
In the dynamic field of social media marketing, even the most experienced marketers can find…
These days, we live in a highly competitive manufacturing landscape where precision and efficiency are…
This website uses cookies.